|
.
|
|
|
Last Updated: Nov 22, 2008 - 12:10:33 PM |
Outdoors Central Magazine
Deer HuntingTycoon.jad Samsung
Whitetail Deer Sounds - Nov 22, 2008 - 11:53:09 AM
Whitetail Deer Vocalizations teleatlas deutschland crack
by T.R. Michels
Through research we know that white-tailed deer use different sounds: to keep in contact with each other (contact); to express alarm and distress (alarm/distress); to solicit attention from and respond to does (maternal) and fawns(neonatal); to express dominance/threaten other deer (agonistic). Deer also make sounds associated with courtship and breeding behavior (mating).
Alarm/Distress
The Snort is an intense blowing sound produced by expelling air through the nostrils, best described as a loud whew, or whew-whew-whew. Deer that see or hear a disturbance but cannot smell the source often use repeated low snorts, foot stomping, head bobbing and tail flipping, possibly to alert other deer of danger. The head bobbing and foot stomping may be used to startle a predator into moving and giving itself away. A deer's sense of smell is thought to be independent of conscious discrimination, and deer that smell danger usually snort, then flee while flagging the tail.
The Bawl is an intense call used by deer in distress, often when caught by a predator or trapped. The sound is a loud baa. Does often respond to the call by running in, presumably out of maternal instinct.
Agonistic
The Grunt is used in three different forms to express dominance or to threaten another deer. It is also used to locate other deer, which causes them to respond by coming to the call, or by announcing their location by returning the call. The Low Grunt is used by both does and bucks throughout the year. The call sounds like a soft guttural err. This is the first level of aggression, used to displace lesser deer. If the lesser animal does not move it is usually rushed and may be kicked with a forefoot by the dominant.
The Grunt-Snort is used most often by bucks during the breeding season in more intense situations. One or more snorts are added to a grunt; err-whew.
The Grunt-Snort-Wheeze is the most intense form of an aggressive call. It consists of a grunt-snort followed by a drawn out wheeze through pinched nostrils. The wheeze may sound like a whistle.
Social Contact
The Social Contact Grunt is often performed by members of a doe group when they become separated, and it may help deer stay in contact when they can't see each other. In one study only females performed this call. This call is longer than the low grunt and can be heard by humans as far as 100 meters. It may attract bucks during the breeding season.
Maternal/Neonatal
The Maternal Grunt is a low, quick grunt performed at short intervals when a doe approaches the fawn's bedding site. The fawn generally leaves its bed and joins the doe. It is audible to humans for only a few meters.
The Mew is used by the fawn when it wants attention, or is given in response to the maternal grunt of the doe.
The Bleat is the fawn version of the bawl, it is given by the fawn when it wants urgent attention, is hungry, or wants care, and may be heard as far as 100 meters by humans.
The Nursing Whine occurs while the fawn is nursing or searching for a nipple.
Mating
The Tending Grunt is a low grunt used by bucks when pursuing an estrus doe. It may consist of a single short grunt, several grunts or a long drawn out grunt. It is probably given to alert other deer of the presence of a dominant in order to keep them away; and to attract does.
The Tending Click is a clicking sound bucks may make when looking for of following estrus does. It sounds like someone slowly running a fingernail across the teeth of a comb. It appears to be a slow, drawn-out version of the Tending Grunt.
The Flehmen Sniff is a low sound produced during the lip curl, when air is inhaled to bring urine in contact with the nose or vomeronasal organ, allowing the buck to determine the breeding readiness of the doe.
Although several call manufacturers, writers and speakers claim there is an Estrus Doe Bleat or Doe Mating Call, no call of this nature was noted in the scientific studies I have read. These people may be referring to the social grunt. Because security is essential to doe survival, does probably do not use a loud call that might alert nearby predators.
The statistics on whitetail vocalizations are based on studies by Dr. Larry Marchinton. The duration of the calls is approximate. The tone of the call usually depends on the deer. Larger deer, especially bucks, tend to make deeper sounds.
Deer Vocalizations
Call Duration Pitch Tone Volume
Alarm/Distress
Snort .25 high low or high high
Bawl 1.00 low-high-low moderate high
Agonistic
Low Grunt .25 level low low
Grunt-Snort .50 low-high low moderate
Grunt-Snort-Wheeze 2.50 low-high-low high low
Contact
Social Grunt 1.00 low-high-low-high-low moderate moderate
Maternal/Neonatal
Maternal Grunt .25 rising low low
Fawn Mew .50 low-high-low low low
Fawn Bleat .50 low-medium-low low-medium low-moderate
Nursing Whine .50 low-high-low low low
Mating
Tending Grunt .25-4.00 low low moderate
Tending Click .10-1.00 staccato low moderate
Flehmen Sniff .50-1.00 low low low
About The Author
Author: T.R. Michels
Email: trmichels@yahoo.com
Web Site: http://www.trmichels.com/
Details: T. R. Michels is a nationally recognized wildlife researcher, outdoor writer and speaker. He is the author of the Whitetail, Elk, Turkey and Goose Addict's Manuals, and the Deer Addict's Manuals. He is also the innovator of the Moon Indicator, which predicts peak monthly movement of deer and elk, based on the forces of the moon; the Daily Deer Movement Indicator, which helps hunters decide when and where to hunt, based on current meteorological conditions; the Rut Indicator, which predicts peak rut activity, based on the forces of the moon; and the Rut Phase Indicator, which helps hunters determine the stage of the rut, and when and where to hunt, by the current deer activity and sign.
T.R.'s latest books, available for 2005, are the revised editions of the Deer Addict's Manual, Turkey Addict's Manual, the Duck & Goose Addict's Manual and the Elk Addict's Manual.
For a catalog of books and other hunting aids contact:
T.R. Michels, Trinity Mountain Outdoors, PO Box 284, Wanamingo, MN 55983.
Outdoors Central Magazine
Deer HuntingTycoon.jad Samsung
Tips for Traveling Hunters - Nov 16, 2008 - 4:15:46 PM
Tips for Traveling Hunters
by Pursue The Outdoors
1. Make two lists. One for items to pick up at your destination, one for items to bring from home. Commonly forgotten: hunter and bowhunter education certification cards, birth certificate or other ID for young hunters, tags, personal medicines and toiletries.
2. Know before you go. Visit the websites of the Transportation Security Administration (www.tsa.gov) and your airline for restrictions and allowances affecting hunters.
3. Preempt confused airline employees. Check your carrier’s website for its policy on transporting firearms and ammunition. Take a printout with you to the airport.
4. Think about shipping instead. It may be easier to ship guns and gear to your destination but some common carriers will not handle firearms. Policies differ. Online research will help you decide which company to use.
5. Check your gear upon arrival. No matter how well you pack, transportation causes equipment to shift, GPS units to switch on and drain batteries, crosshairs to move, broadhead blades to loosen, etc.
6. Prepare for antlers and meat. Airline policies vary so do your homework. Some carriers will not handle antlers without substantial fees. Others will not transport perishables packed on ice. Still others limit the amount of dry ice that may be used.
7. Study rules of the road. If you’re driving to your hunt, be aware of restrictions that could affect your trip home. In an effort to control chronic wasting disease, a number of states now regulate transportation of deer and elk carcasses. Plan for your entire route at the website of the Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance, www.cwd-info.org. The Elk Foundation helped start this alliance and site in 2002.
8. Talk taxidermy. Before you leave, select a taxidermist and visit with him or her about how to skin, care for and deliver that once-in-a-lifetime trophy. A thousand-mile open-air ride in the back of a pickup may not be preferred.
9. Avoid fines. Items prohibited in carry-on or checked baggage include blackpowder, percussion caps, pressurized containers including bear spray and fuel bottles.
10. Use the wait. Layovers are a good time to catch up on reading.
About the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
Snowy peaks, dark timber basins and grassy meadows. RMEF is leading an elk country initiative that has already conserved or enhanced habitat on over 5.4 million acres–a land area equivalent to a swath three miles wide and stretching along the entire Continental Divide from Canada to Mexico. Most work occurs on public lands. More than 561,000 acres have been opened or secured for public access including hunting, fishing and other recreation. Get involved at www.rmef.org or 800-CALL ELK.
Outdoors Central Magazine
Outdoors Central Magazine
Elk Huntingnokia 1100 tweak
Elk Hunting Calling Tips - Nov 21, 2008 - 8:24:11 PM
HTML clipboard
Elk Hunting Calling Tips
by T.R. Michels
As I sat quietly in the pre-dawn darkness the scream of a bull elk split
the silence. I knew the bull was close because I could hear it coming
through the trees. I waited a few minutes, then cow called softly. The elk
screamed again and stepped out of the pines 75 yards away. The big 6x6 bull
took a few steps, stopped, and grunted, ugh. At first I thought the bull had
sensed something wrong and had barked an alarm. But, when it took a few more
steps, looked around and grunted again, I realized it was trying to find the
cow it thought it had heard. Since I was scouting I didn't want the bull to
know I was there, and I didn't want it to come any closer. I waited
patiently for the next ten minutes while the bull walked around me, looking
for the cow it was convinced was there. When the bull finally gave up
looking I quietly left. The next morning I sent one of the guides and a bow
hunter back to the same area. Within fifteen minutes of setting up they
heard a bull bugle. Ten minutes later the bull responded to the sound of a
cow call and the hunter put an arrow into it at 15 yards.
|
In the fall of 2001 I began researching 9 different herds of penned elk, to
find out how many calls they used and what they used the calls for. I also
wanted to know when bugling and breeding began, peaked and ended. During the
peak of the rut I regularly heard as many as 100 bugles every 5 minutes,
from over 150 different bulls. I also heard as many as 30 cow/calf calls
every five minutes, from over 200 cows and calves.
Common Elk Calls
Cow elk use a variety of mews to communicate with their calves and other
members of the herd. Cow/calf sounds range from the Maternal Mew (meuw) of a
cow trying to locate its calf, to the higher pitched Calf Mew (eeeuw) of a
calf trying to locate its mother, to the whining Submissive Mew (meeuw or
mee-eee-uw) of a cow being herded or chased by a bull or another cow. Bull
elk sometimes use a deeper version of the Submissive Mew when another bull
chases them. Both cows and calves use a loud Contact Mew when they've been
separated from the herd. When cows fight, they often use a Fighting Squeal (mee-eee-eee-eee-eee-euu)
as they stand up and flail at each other with their front legs. Bulls often
use this same call when they are sparring with each other. All of these
calls are easily reproduced with a single or double reed mouth diaphragm, or
outside the mouth call.
Bull Elk Rut Calls
The most familiar elk vocalization is the bugle of a bull elk, which may
be made up of one or more different calls. The Full Bugle Sequence of a
mature bull elk consists of three calls; the Roar, the Bugle and a series of
grunts referred to as the Chuckle. These calls may be used by themselves, or
in combinations. When they are used in combinations the Roar is generally
used before the Bugle and the Bugle is generally used before the Chuckle.
The Full Bugle Sequence of a mature bull starts with a loud, low-pitched
roar (rrrr), changes to a high-pitched scream (eeee), and ends with a series
of grunts (ugh-ugh-ugh-ugh). Older bulls may also use a quieter version of
the Roar that I call the Growl, which can be reproduced by saying rrrrrr, or
growling in your throat. The Roar can be reproduced by doing the same thing,
but doing it as loudly as you can through a grunt tube. The Bugle can be
reproduced by using a double reed mouth diaphragm or an outside the mouth
call, with or without a grunt tube. The Chuckle can be reproduced by using a
grunt tube and saying ugh-ugh-ugh-ugh as deeply as you can in your throat.
After listening to over 125 bulls per day, and hearing over 600 bugles per
hour, as close as ten feet away, I realized that it's almost impossible to
make a mistake when you're blowing an elk bugle. While some bulls perform
perfect Full Bugle Sequences, others perform only the Growl, the Roar, the
Bugle or the Chuckle. Some bulls have clear high-pitched bugles, that sound
like the screaming of a woman, others sound as if they are being strangled.
When bulls chase cows they inhale and exhale loudly, and they often end a
charge at an uncooperative cow with a loud exhale or Cough. When they are
herding cows bulls perform the Gulp or Glug. This call usually consists of a
series of two note glugs, but it may have as many as six notes. It can be
reproduce by saying glug-glug in your throat, as if you were gulping water.
When I used this call the bulls often stopped what they were doing and came
closer. Bulls also use a quiet, low-pitched Threat Rumble when they approach
a smaller bull. I have not been able to reproduce this sound yet.
The Rut
Bull elk rarely bugle outside of the rut (early September to early
November), or before they shed their velvet. Bulls over the age of three may
shed their velvet and begin bugling as early as mid-August. Most bulls over
the age of three shed their velvet and begin bugling by the first week of
September, and they regularly growl, roar, bugle, chuckle and perform the
full bugle sequence. Two year old bulls may not shed their velvet and begin
bugling until early to mid-September, and they usually perform high-pitched
bugles, and occasionally roars and chuckles. Yearling bulls may still be in
velvet in late October, and they rarely bugle; I have not heard them perform
a roar or a chuckle.
Bull elk bugle to express dominance and attract herds of cows; and the
gathering cow/calf herds attract other bulls. As the cows come in to estrus
in early September more bulls gather around the herd and try to out-bugle
each other for breeding rights. By mid-September a majority of the cows over
the age of 2 are in estrus, and this is when peak breeding and bugling
generally occurs. Yearling cows usually come into estrus two to three weeks
later, in late September/early October. Cows that did not get bred during
their first estrous generally cycle again 21 days later, which often results
in a second breeding and bugling peak during the first and second weeks of
October.
Since older bulls start to rut earlier than younger bulls, they are the ones
most likely to be bugling during late August and early September. Because
these bulls are trying to establish dominance they often answer ad come in
to the calls of another bull. Most bulls over the age of two will respond to
cow calls during this stage of the rut.
During peak bugling the older bulls are actively breeding and protecting the
herd. Although herd bulls may answer the calls of another bull during peak
breeding, they generally pursue other bulls only when they see them getting
too close to the herd. However, satellite bulls may come in to the calls of
another bull to protect their breeding rights. Herd bulls may respond to cow
calls at this time, to get the cow back to the herd. The bulls most likely
to respond to cow calls during peak breeding/bugling are the satellite
bulls, and any bulls that are not associated with a herd.
Breeding and bugling drops off in late September, after most of the older
cows have been bred. This is when the yearling cows come into estrus, and
when the satellite bulls and the bulls that did not participate in breeding
become most aggressive. It is also when bulls of all ages are likely to
respond to both bull and cow calls, because they want to establish or
protect their breeding rights.
Breeding and bugling may begin to peak again in early October as the cows
that didn't get bred earlier come in to estrus. Bulls may not respond to
bull calls at this time because their testosterone levels have dropped and
they aren't as aggressive. But, bulls of all ages may still respond to cow
calls during this second breeding/bugling peak, and during the post rut.
Which Calls To Use
If you're not sure where the bulls are you can locate them by using a
high pitched bugle, without the roar or chuckle. The best place to use this
call is high on a mountain, where it can be heard by any bull within
hearing. Which bugle you use depends on the size of the bull you are
calling. The bulls most likely to respond to the bugle of a big bull, or to
the Full Bugle Sequence, are older bulls; generally the herd bulls or
satellite bulls. A herd bull that hears the sound of another big bull may
respond by bugling back and then coming in to investigate, or it may push
the herd away from the call, to avoid confrontation. But, a herd bull will
often try to drive off a smaller bull. A satellite bull will rarely
challenge a bigger bull. It may come in to a small bull bugle, because it
wants to protect its social status within the herd.
The best bugle to use when you are not sure of the size/age of the bulls in
the area is the bugle of a young bull, because it won't intimidate most
bulls. If a bull is willing to respond to your bugles, and come to your
call, it may also respond to the roar or chuckle. These calls can be very
effective in heavily hunted areas, especially where other hunters have been
bugling a lot. Mews are the best calls to use to get a bull to come into
range, because they don't threaten bulls; they calm them down and arouse
their breeding interest. You can also use a cow mew to stop a bull long
enough for a shot. After watching several cows get bred I have never heard a
cow-in-estrus call, and neither have any of the biologists I have talked to.
The loud mew referred to as an "estrus cow call" may be the Contact Mew of a
cow trying to locate the herd. Because this call is louder than other mews
it will attract the attention of any elk within hearing distance. I have
used it to get bulls into range on several occasions. I have also had bulls
respond to a whining Submissive Mew, probably because they thought another
bull was after one of their cows.
I've had herds of up to 50 cows and calves stop what they were doing, turn
around, and trot toward me when I used a Fighting Squeal. I usually have to
blow it two or three times before the cows come toward me, if they don't I
keep calling. They usually stop within 10 to 20 yards of where I am
standing, and I quit calling. If they don't detect anything wrong they
generally stay around long enough that the herd bull comes in to push them
in the other direction. And the bull often walks within 15 yards of me as it
herds the nearest cows, providing me with a shot. I've also used this call
to bring in a 400 class 7x8 bull from 300 yards away.
What Not To Do
Don't setup where there isn't any cover, especially on the downwind side.
Bulls often approach a call from downwind, and they stay in cover if they
can; setup where the bull can use cover to come in crosswind of your
position. Don't make any noise when a bull is coming in. If a bull smells,
see or hears you as it comes in, the hunt is probably over. Don't stop
checking the area around you, and don't abruptly leave your setup sight;
more than one bull may come in, they may come in silently, and they may come
in long after you stop calling.
Don't stop trying, give each location at least a half an hour; you and the
bull may not be able to hear each other because of the terrain. If you don't
get an answer move a mile away and try again. Don't sound bigger than the
bull you're calling; bulls rarely challenge bigger bulls. Don't call too
often, especially if a bull is close, it gives your position away. Although
it's difficult to make a mistake when you're calling, don't try to cover the
mistake by cutting the call off short; elk don't stop in mid-call unless
they're alarmed.
Magazine
Outdoors Central Magazine
Elk Huntingnokia 1100 tweak
Trophy Elk Hunting - Oct 18, 2008 - 3:42:55 PM
HTML clipboard
Are you into trophy big game hunting? Do you enjoy the thrill of a fair chase hunt for whitetail deer, mule deer, antelope, caribou, bear, elk, sheep, mountain lion, mountain goat, moose or exotics? If your passion is wingshooting, check out our dove, quail, turkey, waterfowl and upland bird destinations. Fully guided, unguided, semi-guided or drop camps...at
Ultimate Xpeditions, we have them all!
How about an African big game safari? We can arrange plains game and Big 5 dangerous game hunts-of-a-lifetime. Perhaps you would prefer a safari to New Zealand for Red, Sambar or Sika Stag, fallow deer, or Himalayan Tahr! Or maybe the unspoiled reaches of the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia peak you interest, where trophy caribou, brown bear and monster 70" moose roam!
Maybe your sport is fishing. Then browse through our freshwater, saltwater, and fly fishing packages throughout North, South and Central America. We offer guided trips for largemouth, smallmouth, or peacock bass, rainbow trout, brown trout, pike, walleye...inland and offshore packages for speckled trout, redfish, snapper, tarpon, snook and billfish.
Do you love the outdoors? If so, then you must explore our best outdoor recreational destinations. If you enjoy mountain guest ranch vacations, horseback riding, hiking, snowmobiling, snow resorts or whitewater rafting...
Ultimate Xpeditions can design your perfect outdoor vacation get-a-way.
Why invest in hunting, fishing or outdoor recreation trips that are run of the mill, lackluster or ordinary? You owe it to yourself to check out our fishing guides, charter boat captains, hunting outfitters, and outdoor recreational providers.
Make your next expedition an...
Ultimate Xpedition!!!
www.ultimatexpeditions.com
Bowhunting Club for Bowhunters
Archery and Bowhunting
© Copyright 2003 by YourSITE.com
Top of Page
. |
|
|
.
|
